Backend for Frontend (BFF) Pattern in Microservices
When a single API serves both a feature-rich web application and a bandwidth-constrained mobile app, compromises are inevitable. The web...
Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters) Explained
Most applications start with a straightforward layered architecture: controllers call services, services call repositories, repositories talk to the database. This...
Domain-Driven Design (DDD) Fundamentals for Developers
Most codebases do not fail because of bad algorithms or poor framework choices. They fail because the code does not...
Saga Pattern for Distributed Transactions in Microservices
When a single business operation spans multiple microservices, you lose the safety net of database transactions. A monolith can wrap...
Message Queues Compared: RabbitMQ vs Kafka vs AWS SQS
Message queues decouple producers from consumers, absorb traffic spikes, and enable asynchronous processing — but choosing the wrong one creates...
Caching Strategies: Write-Through, Write-Behind, and Cache-Aside
Caching is one of the most effective ways to improve application performance, but choosing the wrong caching strategy can introduce...
Database Sharding Strategies: Horizontal vs Vertical Partitioning
Eventually, every growing application hits a point where a single database server cannot keep up. Queries slow down, write throughput...
System Design Interview: Designing a Rate Limiter
Every production API needs a rate limiter. Without one, a single misbehaving client — whether malicious or simply buggy —...
System Design Interview: Designing a Chat Application
Real-time messaging is one of the most demanding system design problems because it combines persistent connections, low-latency delivery, message ordering,...