Mocking in Tests: When and How to Mock External Dependencies
If your unit tests break every time you refactor internal code, or if they pass despite real bugs slipping through,...
Contract Testing with Pact for Microservices
If your microservices pass their own integration tests but still break each other in production, the problem isn’t test coverage...
API Testing with Postman and Newman in CI/CD Pipelines
If your team tests APIs by manually clicking through Postman before every release, you’re spending time that automation should handle....
Python Dataclasses vs Pydantic Models: When to Use Each
If you write Python and work with structured data, you’ve likely reached the point where you need to choose between...
Building REST APIs with Litestar (formerly Starlite)
If you’ve outgrown Flask and find FastAPI’s approach too function-centric for larger projects, Litestar deserves a serious look. Building REST...
End-to-End Testing with Playwright: Setup and Best Practices
If your web application ships features without automated browser testing, broken user flows will eventually reach production. End-to-end testing with...
Python Context Managers and the with Statement
Python context managers provide a clean and reliable way to manage resources. If you have ever written with open("file.txt") as...
Python Decorators: From Basics to Advanced Patterns
Python decorators are one of the most powerful features in the language. At first, python decorators look like just an...
Python Dependency Management: pip, Poetry, and uv
Python dependency management becomes critical as projects grow. While small scripts run fine with basic pip install, production systems require...